Osteoporosis

Diagnosis: Diagnosis usually involves techniques for measuring bone mineral density. A Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) is one example of such a technique.  Low bone mineral density (osteopenia) can also give rise to some of the risks of osteoporosis, but not as severe. 

Certain people are more likely to develop osteoporosis than others. Some risk factors include age, sex, ethnicity, family history, poor diet, smoking, lack of exercise etc.  While you have no control over some of these risk factors, there are others you can change. By making healthier choices you can help to reduce your risk of osteoporosis as well as the painful fractures it can cause.  Osteoporosis leads to higher risk of fractures of the wrists, hips and the spine.  Sudden onset of a severe back pain after a minor twist or fall, and persistent for more than a couple of days, would need to be evaluated by your doctor or a spine specialist. 

Prevention: Osteoporosis does not cause spine pain, but it may lead to fracture or other conditions that can cause pain. It can be reduced by:

• Calcium: Milk and dairy products as well as leafy green vegetables provide the calcium bones need.
• Vitamin D: Sources of vitamin D include fortified milk, cod liver oil, egg yolks, liver and fatty fish, such as salmon.
• Exercise: Exercise is crucial to good bone health. In particular, do weight-bearing exercises, such as strengthening with light weights. 
• Lifestyle: Stop smoking, limit alcohol. Eat a well-balanced diet and consult with your doctor for advice if you need to lose weight.